References
SKILLS21 and its streams are research-based. Discover references for this research below.
Learning frameworks
Bloom's taxonomy
Anderson, L. W., Krathwohl, D. R., & Bloom, B. S. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. Allyn & Bacon.
Baartman, L. K., & de Bruijn, E. (2011). Integrating knowledge, skills and attitudes: Conceptualising learning processes towards vocational competence. Educational Research Review, 6(2), 125-134.
Bloom, B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Longman.
Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A revision of Bloom's taxonomy: An overview. Theory Into Practice, 41(4), 212-218.
Epistemological reflection
Baxter Magolda, M. B. (1992). Knowing and reasoning in college: Gender-related patterns in students' intellectual development. Jossey-Bass.
Baxter Magolda, M. B. (2004). Evolution of a constructivist conceptualization of epistemological reflection. Educational Psychologist, 39(1), 31-42.
Baxter Magolda, M. B. (2009). The activity of meaning making: A holistic perspective on college student development. Journal of College Student Development, 50(6), 621-639.
Meaning learning and supportive environments
Bain, K. (2011). What the best college teachers do. Harvard University Press.
Bain, K., & Zimmerman, J. (2009). Understanding great teaching. Peer Review, 11(2), 9-12.
Feldman, J. (1986). On the difficulty of learning from experience. Jossey-Bass
Garvin, D. A. (2003). Learning in action: A guide to putting the learning organization to work. Harvard Business Review Press.
Garvin, D. A., Edmondson, A. C., & Gino, F. (2008). Is yours a learning organization? Harvard Business Review, 86(3), 109.
Gilbert, J. (2007). " Catching the Knowledge Wave": Redefining Knowledge for the Post-Industrial Age. Canada Education, 47(3), 4.
Karim, A. U. (2003). A developmental progression model for intercultural consciousness: A leadership imperative. Journal of Education for Business, 79(1), 34-39.
21st century skills
Partnership for 21st Century Learning. (2015). Framework for 21st century learning. Retrieved from http://www.p21.org/storage/documents/docs/P21_Framework_Definitions_New_Logo_2015.pdf
Recommended competencies for undergraduate students
Allen Consulting Group & Australian Industry Group. (1999). Training to compete: The training needs of industry: Report to the Australian Industry Group: Australian Industry Group.
Arnett, J. J. (2014). Adolescence and emerging adulthood. Pearson Education Limited.
Australia. Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs. Evaluations and Investigations Programme., & ACNielsen Research Services. (2000). Employer satisfaction with graduate skills: Research report: Department of Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.
Bell, P., Bricker, L., Reeve, S., Zimmerman, H. T., & Tzou, C. (2013). Discovering and supporting successful learning pathways of youth in and out of school: Accounting for the development of everyday expertise across settings. LOST Opportunities (pp. 119-140). Springer.
Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., Hawkins, J., Oesterle, S., & Hill, K. (2004). Successful young adult development. A Report Submitted to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Conference Board of Canada. (2016). Employability skills 2000+. Retrieved from http://www.conferenceboard.ca/topics/education/learning-tools/employability-skills.aspx
Cornelis, F. (1994). Education for Europeans: Towards the learning society. A Report from the European Round Table of Industrialists.
Cornélis, F., Cochinaux, P., Garady, D., Ferrant, C., & Webb, M. (1997). Investing in knowledge: the integration of technology in European education. European Round Table of Industrialists.
Curtis, D., & McKenzie, P. (2001). Employability skills for Australian industry: Literature review and framework development: Department of Education, Science and Training, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.
Davies, A., Fidler, D., & Gorbis, M. (2011). Future work skills 2020. Institute for the Future for University of Phoenix Research Institute, 540.
Del Bueno, D. J. (1978). Competency based education. Nurse Educator, 3(3), 10-14.
Fernández-Santander, A., García-García, M. J., Sáez-Pizarro, B., & López-Terrón, M. J. (2012). Development and assessment of key skills in undergraduate students: An action-research experience. Higher Learning Research Experience, 2(1), 32-49.
Government of Canada. (2009). What are essential skills. Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. Retrieved from http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/publications.
Haste, H. (1999). Competencies: Psychological realities: A psychological perspective: Deseco Expert Report. Swiss Federal Statistical Office.
Kuh, G. D. (2009). The national survey of student engagement: Conceptual and empirical foundations. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2009(141), 5-20.
LeRychen, D. S., & Salganik, L. H. (2000). Definition and selection of key competencies. THE INES COMPENDIUM (Fourth General Assembly of the OCDE Education Indicators programme). Paris: OCDE, 61-73.
Levy, F. (1999). Are there key competencies critical to economic success? Deseco Expert Report. Swiss Federal Statistical Office.
Mayer, E. (1992). Key competencies: Report of the Committee to advise the Australian Education Council and Ministers of Vocational Education, Employment and Training on employment-related key competencies for postcompulsory education and training. Australian Education Council and Ministers of Vocational Education, Employment and Training.
McGill University. (2005). McGill factbook. Retrieved from https://www.mcgill.ca/pia/mcgillfactbook
McGill University. (2013). Destination survey results: Undergraduate class of 2013. Retrieved from https://www.mcgill.ca/caps/files/caps/survery_destination2013.pdf
McGill University. (2015). The McGill Commitment. Retrieved from https://www.mcgill.ca/commitment/mcgill-commitment
Overtoom, C. (2000). Employability skills: An update. ERIC Digest, 220.
Soares, L. (2012). A ‘disruptive’ look at competency-based education: How the innovative use of technology will transform the college experience. Center for American Progress.
Werner, M. C. (1995). Australian key competencies in an international perspective:.ERIC.
Other
Ackoff, R. L. (1989). From data to wisdom. Journal of Applied Systems Analysis, 16(1), 3-9.
Ackoff, R.L. (1999). Ackoff’s best: His classic writings on management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Stream-specific references
Citizenship
Association of American Colleges and Universities (2009). Civic engagement VALUE rubric. Retrieved from https://www.aacu.org/value/rubrics/inquiry-analysis
Association of College and Research Libraries. (2015). Framework for information literacy for higher education. Association of College and Research Libraries. Available at http://www.ala.org/acrl/sites/ala.org.acrl/files/content/issues/infolit/Framework_ILHE.pdf
Badke, W. B. (2015). Expertise and authority in an age of crowdsourcing. In Swanson, T. & Jagman, H. (Eds.) Not just where to click: Teaching students how to think about information (pp. 191-215). Association of College and Research Libraries.
Dabbagh, N., & Kitsantas, A. (2012). Personal learning environments, social media, and self-regulated learning: A natural formula for connecting formal and informal learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(1), 3-8.
Davies, L., & Pike, G. (2009). Global citizenship education. In Lewin, R. (ed.) Handbook of practice and research in study abroad: Higher education and the quest for global citizenship (pp. 61-78). Routledge.
Evans, M., Ingram, L. A., MacDonald, A., & Weber, N. (2009). Mapping the “global dimension” of citizenship education in Canada: The complex interplay of theory, practice and context. Citizenship Teaching and Learning, 5(2), 17-34.
Gilster, P. (1997). Digital literacy. Wiley.
Ibrahim, T. (2005). Global citizenship education: Mainstreaming the curriculum?. Cambridge Journal of Education, 35(2), 177-194.
Long Beach City College Department of Communication Studies and Sign Language. (2017). Student learning outcomes. Retrieved from http://www.lbcc.edu/Speech/slo.cfm
Mackey, T. P., & Jacobson, T. E. (2014). Metaliteracy: Reinventing information literacy to empower learners. American Library Association.
Savolainen, R. (1995). Everyday life information seeking: Approaching information seeking in the context of “way of life”. Library & Information Science Research, 17(3), 259-294.
Su, F., Bullivant, A., & Holt, V. (2013). Global citizenship education. In Curtis, W., Ward, S., Sharp, J., & Hankin, L. (Eds.) Education studies: An issues based approach (pp. 231-244). Sage/Learning Matters.
UNESCO (2013). Media and information literacy policy and strategy guidelines. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002256/225606e.pdf
UNESCO (2015). Global citizenship education: Topics and learning objectives. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single- view/news/global_citizenship_education_topics_and_learning_objectives/
UNESCO. (n.d.) Media and information literacy as a composite concept. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/capacity-building-tools/media-and-information-literacy/
Collaboration
Association of American Colleges and Universities (2009). Teamwork VALUE rubric. Retrieved from https://www.aacu.org/value/rubrics/inquiry-analysis
Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education (2008). CAS Learning and Development Outcomes: CAS Contextual Statement. Retrieved from http://standards.cas.edu/getpdf.cfm?PDF=D87A29DC-D1D6-D014-83AA8667902C480B
Strayhorn, T. L., Creamer, D. G., Miller, T. K., & Arminio, J. L. (2006). Frameworks for assessing learning and development outcomes. Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education.
Wang, L., MacCann, C., Zhuang, X., Liu, O. L., & Roberts, R. D. (2009). Assessing teamwork and collaboration in high school students: A multimethod approach. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 24(2), 108-124.
Xiao, Y., Parker, S. H., & Manser, T. (2013). Teamwork and collaboration. Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 8(1), 55-102.
Discovery
Allen, M. (2017). Dealing with ambiguity and developing resilience. Melanie Allen Life Coaching and Career Development. Retrieved from http://www.melanieallen.co.uk/articles/dealing-with-ambiguity/?utm_campa...
Association of American Colleges and Universities (2009). Creative thinking VALUE rubric. Retrieved from https://www.aacu.org/value/rubrics/inquiry-analysis
Breslow, L., Drew, L., Healey, M., Matthew, R., & Norton, L. (2004). Intellectual curiosity: A catalyst for the scholarship of teaching and learning and education. Explaining academic development in higher education: Issues of engagement (pp. 83-96). Jill Rogers Associates.
Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education (2008). CAS Learning and Development Outcomes: CAS Contextual Statement. Retrieved from http://standards.cas.edu/getpdf.cfm?PDF=D87A29DC-D1D6-D014-83AA8667902C480B
Kashdan, T. B., Rose, P., & Finchman, F. D. (2010). Curiosity and exploration: Facilitating positive subjective experiences and personal growth opportunities. Journal of Personality Assessment, 82(3), 291-305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8203_05
Kirschner, P. A., Sweller, J., & Clark, R. E. (2006). Why minimal guidance during instruction does not work: An analysis of the failure of constructivist, discovery, problem-based, experiential, and inquiry-based teaching. Educational Psychologist, 41(2), 75-86.
Lombardo, M. M., & Eichinger, R. W. (2010). Dealing with ambiguity. Retrieved from http://www.ptc.com/content/production_content_server/cninv00000000001410...
Litman, J. (2010). Curiosity and the pleasure of learning: Wanting and liking new information. Cognition and Emotion, 19(6), 793-814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930541000101
Qualifications and Curriculum Authority. (2007). PSHE: Economic wellbeing and financial capability: Programme of study (non-statutory) for key stage 4. Retrieved from http://www.surreyhealthyschools.co.uk/sites/wschools.co.uk/uploads/files/2_Themes/1_PSHE/PSHE/pshe%20economic%20well%20being%20key%20stage%204.pdf
Rolfe, H. (2010). Learning to take risks, learning to succeed. Retrieved from https://www.nesta.org.uk/sites/default/files/learning_to_take_risks_lear... succeed.pdf
Shaw, C. (2013, August 13). Dealing with ambiguity: The New business imperative (weblog). Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20130829124922-284615-dealing-with-ambigu...
Spiro, R. J. (1988). Cognitive flexibility theory: Advanced knowledge acquisition in ill-structured domains. Center for the Study of Reading, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: Technical Report No. 441.
Strayhorn, T. L., Creamer, D. G., Miller, T. K., & Arminio, J. L. (2006). Frameworks for assessing learning and development outcomes. Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education.
University of St. Thomas Division of Student Affairs. (2016). Learning Outcomes. Retrieved from https://www.stthomas.edu/media/assessmentaccreditation/StudentAffairsLea...
Leadership
Astin, A. W. (1993). What matters in college?: Four critical years revisited (Vol. 1). Jossey-Bass.
Astin, A.W., & Astin, H.S. (2000). Leadership reconsidered: Engaging higher education in social change. W.K. Kellogg Foundation.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Psychology Press.
Bolden, R. (2004). What is leadership?. Centre for Leadership Studies, University of Exeter.
Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2006). Ethical leadership: A review and future directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(6), 595-616.
Dugan, J. P. (2017). Leadership theory: Cultivating critical perspectives. Jossey- Bass.
Dugan, J. P., & Komives, S. R. (2007). Developing leadership capacity in college students. National Clearinghouse for Leadership Programs.
Jones, T. B., Guthrie, K. L., & Osteen, L. (2016). Critical domains of culturally relevant leadership learning: A call to transform leadership programs. New Directions for Student Leadership, 2016(152), 9-21.
Lord, R. G., & Hall, R. J. (2005). Identity, deep structure and the development of leadership skill. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(4), 591-615.
Komives, S. R., Dugan, J. P., Owen, J. E., Slack, C., & Wagner, W. (2011). The handbook for student leadership development. John Wiley & Sons.
Komives, S.R., & Wagner, W. (Eds.). (2009). Leadership for a better world: Understanding the social change model of leadership development. Jossey-Bass.
Northouse, P. G. (2012). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage.
Roberts, D., & Ullom, C. (1989). Student leadership program model. NASPA Journal, 27, 67-74.
Roberts, D.C. (2007). Deeper learning in leadership: Helping college students find the potential within. John Wiley & Sons.
Rost, J. C. (1993). Leadership for the twenty-first century. Greenwood Publishing Group.
Wellbeing
Bandura, A. (2005). The primacy of self‐regulation in health promotion. Applied Psychology, 54(2), 245-254.
Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education (2008). CAS Learning and Development Outcomes: CAS Contextual Statement. Retrieved from http://standards.cas.edu/getpdf.cfm?PDF=D87A29DC-D1D6-D014-83AA8667902C480B
Caring. (n.d.). In Dictionary.com. Retrieved from http://www.dictionary.com/browse/caring?s=t
Caring. (n.d.) In Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/caring
Gantz, S. B. (1990). Self-care: Perspectives from six disciplines. Holistic Nursing Practice, 4(2), 1-12.
Hettler, B. (1980). Wellness promotion on a university campus. Family & Community Health, 3(1), 77-95.
Lorig, K. R., & Holman, H. R. (2003). Self-management education: History, definition, outcomes, and mechanisms. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 26(1), 1-7.
Palombi, B. J. (1992). Psychometric properties of wellness instruments. Journal of Counselling and Development, 71, 221-225.
Strayhorn, T. L., Creamer, D. G., Miller, T. K., & Arminio, J. L. (2006). Frameworks for assessing learning and development outcomes. Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education.