Speakers

Frédéric Bachand is an Associate Professor of Law at McGill University, where he teaches in the areas of legal interpretation, arbitration, mediation, international investment, civil procedure and evidence. He has also been a Visiting Research Scholar and a Visiting Associate Professor at the National University of Singapore's Faculty of Law.

Professor Bachand, who currently holds a Norton Rose Faculty Scholarship in Arbitration and Commercial Law, came to McGill after having practiced law for several years with the law firm of Ogilvy Renault in Montreal. He holds doctoral degrees from Université Panthéon-Assas (Paris II) and Université de Montréal, as well as an LL.M. from the University of Cambridge. Prior to living in England, he served as a law clerk to Justice Gérard V. La Forest of the Supreme Court of Canada.

His award-winning scholarship focuses on domestic and international arbitration, with a particular emphasis on the role national courts play in the arbitral process. An active member of McGill's Private Justice and Rule of Law research team (PJRL), Professor Bachand is the founder and general editor of the Model Arbitration Law Database as well as of a bilingual website on Consensual Arbitration in Quebec, which was launched in 2004. He is also one of three experts who were retained by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law to contribute to its Digest of Case Law on the Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration.

Pierre Bievenu is global co-head of Norton Rose Fulbright’s international arbitration practice. He practises in international arbitration, corporate and commercial litigation, and constitutional law. He has acted as counsel in many international arbitrations involving disputes in telecommunications, aeronautics, international distribution and joint ventures, M&A, foreign investment and construction. Pierre also regularly serves as arbitrator in international arbitrations, as chairman, sole arbitrator, or party-nominated arbitrator, and represents parties in court proceedings related to arbitral proceedings or awards. He was involved in many challenges to the constitutional validity of provincial and federal legislation in Canada, and has broad experience representing government, corporate parties and individuals before the Supreme Court of Canada.

Pierre is a member and vice-president of the LCIA Court, and president of the LCIA's North American Users' Council. He is a fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers, a fellow of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators in London and the vice-chair of the ICC Canadian National Committee. He has served for many years on the NAFTA advisory committee established under article 2022 of the NAFTA. He is an active member of the IBA (former co-chair of both its arbitration committee and its North American forum) and the CBA (former member of council).

Pierre is listed as a leading practitioner in Canadian and international legal directories. He was named Best Lawyers' Lawyer of the Year (corporate and commercial litigation) in 2011, Lawyer of the Year (alternative dispute resolution) in 2012, Lawyer of the Year (international arbitration) in 2014, as well as Arbitration Counsel of the Year (Canada) by Benchmark and Expert Guides in 2014. Pierre was awarded the distinction Advocatus Emeritus by the Quebec Bar in 2008 and the Paul-André Crépeau Medal by the Canadian Bar Association in 2013 for his contribution to the advancement of the international dimension of private law and commercial law in Canada.

Andrea K. Bjorklund is the L. Yves Fortier Chair in International Arbitration and International Commercial Law) at McGill University Faculty of Law. She has taught a variety of courses in such areas as international arbitration and litigation, international trade, international investment,

public international law, international business transactions, conflict of laws, and contracts. She is Chair of the Academic Council of the Institute of Transnational Arbitration, co-rapporteur of the International Law Association's Study Group on the Role of Soft-Law Instruments in International Investment Law and an adviser to the American Law Institute’s project on restating the U.S. law of international commercial arbitration. She is also a member of the Advisory Board of the Investment Treaty Forum of the British Institute for International and Comparative Law and Editor-in-Chief of the Yearbook on International Investment Law and Policy. She currently serves as co-Director of Studies for the American Branch of the International Law Association.

Professor Bjorklund is the inaugural ICSID Scholar-in-Residence, a new initiative to highlight ICSID’s Fiftieth Anniversary. She has consulted with various international organizations, including UNCTAD, and serves as a consulting and testifying expert to both claimants and respondents in investment arbitrations. She is on the panel of arbitrators of the International Center for Dispute Resolution of the American Arbitration Association.

Professor Bjorklund is widely published in investment law and dispute resolution and transnational contracts. Her articles have appeared, inter alia, in the Oxford Handbook of International Investment Law, the American Review of International Arbitration, the Hastings Law Journal, and the Virginia Journal of International Law.

Prior to joining McGill, Professor Bjorklund taught at the University of California, Davis, School of Law. She has also been a Bigelow Fellow at the University of Chicago Law School. Prior to entering the academy she was an attorney-adviser on the NAFTA arbitration team in the Office of the Legal Adviser of the U.S. Department of State. She was Senior Counsel to Commissioner Thelma J. Askey of the U.S. International Trade Commission, and was in private practice at Miller & Chevalier, Chartered, in Washington, D.C. She clerked for Judge Samuel J. Ervin, III, of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.

Professor Bjorklund has a J.D. from Yale Law School, an M.A. in French Studies from UC Davis School of Law, and a B.A. (with High Honors) in History and French from the University of Nebraska, Lincoln.

Colin Brown is a lawyer and Deputy Head of Unit of Unit F.2 - Dispute Settlement and Legal Aspects of Trade Policy in the Directorate General for Trade of the European Commission. He advises on a range of trade and investment issues. He leads the team of lawyers working on investor-state dispute settlement in the trade and investment policy of the European Union. He has been responsible for developing the EU’s approach to investor-state dispute settlement, led the negotiations on this issue with Canada; was the EU delegate to UNCITRAL during the preparation of the transparency rules; and is responsible for the Regulation on Financial Responsibility for investor-state dispute settlement. In his career with DG TRADE he has worked on all legal aspects of the work of the European Commission in the field of trade, in particular on EU FTAs, in providing advice on EU legislation and on WTO matters. He leads a team of lawyers working on the EU-US negotiations (TTIP).

Before joining DG Trade in October 2006 he worked for 6 years for the Legal Service of the European Commission, where he litigated WTO and EU law cases. He has been chair of the Legal Advisory Committee of the Energy Charter Treaty since January 2004. He is visiting lecturer in WTO law at the Université Catholique de Louvain in Belgium since 2009.

He holds an LLB (first class Honours) from the Faculty of Law of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, a Diploma in International Relations from the Bologna Center of the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Johns Hopkins University, Bologna, Italy and an LLM in European Law from the College of Europe, Bruges.

Professor Dr. Marc Bungenberg, LL.M., University of Siegen, Germany/Visiting Professor at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. Marc is Professor for European Law, Public International Law and International Economic Law at the University of Siegen in Germany and visiting Professor at the Swiss Universities of Lausanne (permanent) and Lucerne. He is member of the Advisory Board of the International Investment Law Centre Cologne. His main fields of research are European and international economic law, especially state aids, public procurement, common commercial policy and international investment law.

Allison Christians is the H. Heward Stikeman Chair in the Law of Taxation at the McGill University Faculty of Law. Her research and teaching focus is on national and international tax law and policy issues, with emphasis on the relationship between taxation and economic development and on the role of government and non-government institutions and actors in the creation of tax policy norms.

Before entering academia, she practiced tax law at Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz in New York, where she focused on the taxation of domestic and cross-border mergers and acquisitions, spin-offs, restructurings and associated issues and transactions involving private and public companies, and at Debevoise & Plimpton in New York, where she focused mainly on private equity funds.

She taught at the University of Wisconsin Law School and Northwestern University School of Law before joining the Faculty of Law at McGill University in 2012. She has written numerous scholarly articles, essays, and book chapters, as well as editorials, columns, and articles in professional journals, addressing national and international tax law and policy issues.

Her most recent scholarly articles include ‘Avoidance, Evasion, and Taxpayer Morality,’ 44 Wash. U. J.L. & Pol’y 39 (2014), ‘Good Tax Governance and the Issue of Political Influence,’ in Tax Abuses, Poverty and Human Rights, Thomas Pogge and Krishen Mehta, eds. (Oxford, forthcoming 2014), “Drawing the Boundaries of Tax Justice,” in the Carter Commission After 50 Years (Carswell 2013); “Putting the Reign Back in Sovereign,” 40 Pepp L. Rev. 1373 (2013); “Getting to Yes? Thoughts on a BATNA for International Tax,” 2013 Wis. L. R. Online 7 (2013); “Tax Activism and the Global Movement for Development through Transparency,” in Tax, Law, and Development, Miranda Stewart & Yariv Brauner, eds. (Edward Elgar, 2013) 288-315; “Canada Report,” in Tax Secrecy and Tax Transparency – The Relevance of Confidentiality in Tax Law (Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law, forthcoming 2013); and How Nations Share, 87 Indiana L. J. 1407 (2012).

Professor Christians is the author of ‘The Big Picture,’ a column for Tax Analysts’ Tax Notes International, serves as editor of the Tax section of Jotwell, and regularly comments on developments in international tax law and policy on the Tax, Society & Culture blog, on the Lexis Tax Community blog, and on Twitter @taxpolblog.

In May 2014, she was awarded the Durnford Prize in Teaching Excellence by the Law Student Association of McGill University.

Études en droit et histoire de premier cycle aux universités de Bielefeld (Allemagne), Keele (Royaume-Uni) et Johann Wolfgang Goethe de Francfort-sur-Main (Allemagne), spécialisation en droit constitutionnel et européen (droit européen de l’environnement, droit constitutionnel allemand, européen et comparé).

Études supérieures de deuxième cycle à l’Université McGill, intérêt particulier apporté au bijuridisme canadien en matière d’environnement, aux études canadiennes et québécoises, et aux théories économiques du fédéralisme.

Forte oriéntation canadienne dans la formation professionnelle; engagement particulier auprès du public canadien et allemand en tant que stagiaire judiciaire affecté à l’ambassade d’Allemagne à Ottawa.

Habileté en organisation et communication; expérience importante dans la préparation des conférences et colloques académiques ainsi que la publication des procés-verbaux.

Stephen acts as counsel to both private parties and governments, and serves as arbitrator and mediator, in international commercial and investment treaty disputes. He has also advised and represented governments and international organisations in matters of public international law and dispute resolution, in particular in cases involving maritime delimitation and transboundary resource management. Stephen is as well very active in the resolution of sport-related disputes and has acted as counsel, arbitrator or mediator in numerous cases involving a wide range of issues and sports in Canada and internationally.

Gonzalo Flores is Senior Counsel and Team Leader at the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, the World Bank Group’s organization that provides facilities for the conciliation and arbitration of investment disputes between States and foreign nationals. Mr. Flores heads a team of lawyers that administer arbitration and conciliation proceedings under the ICSID Convention, the ICSID Additional Facility and the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. Since joining ICSID in 1998, Mr. Flores has served as Secretary of the Tribunal in numerous investment arbitration proceedings initiated under investment treaties and contracts. Mr. Flores holds an LL.B. degree from the University of Chile School of Law and an LL.M. degree from Cornell University Law School.

John is an international arbitration lawyer in the Abu Dhabi office of Al Tamimi & Company, which he joined in 2013. An Irish national, John is admitted as a Solicitor in England & Wales and the Republic of Ireland. His practice focuses on international arbitration and he has assisted clients in relation to disputes concerning construction, corporate/commercial, energy, investment treaty, IP, and telecommunications matters in Europe, the CIS, and the Middle East under ADCCAC, BCDR-AAA, DIAC, ICC, LCIA, and UNCITRAL rules or involving ad hoc arbitration.

John has worked with the international arbitration practices of international firms in both London and Paris including King & Spalding, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer and Skadden, Arps Slate Meagher & Flom. He has served as a legal officer with the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC) in Geneva, a subsidiary organ of the United Nations Security Council.

In addition to his work as counsel, John is a member of a number of international and domestic arbitration panels and sits as an arbitrator in WIPO domain name disputes and an Expert in ICC Expertise proceedings. John has published and spoken widely on international dispute resolution

including as Case Notes editor of the European International Arbitration Review, an Associate Editor of Transnational Dispute Management, an Associate Editor and Contributor of Investment Claims, and Rapporteur for the OGEMID list-serv.

David A. Gantz, AB (Harvard), JD, SJM (Stanford), is Samuel M. Fegtly Professor of Law at the University of Arizona, James E. Rogers College of Law, where he teaches and writes in the areas of international trade and investment law, regional trade agreements and international environmental law. He served earlier in the Office of the Legal Adviser, U.S. Department of State and practiced law in Washington, D.C. He is the author or co-author of four books and more than 50 law review articles and book chapters, and has served as a consultant for the UNDP, USAID and the World Bank, among others.

Dr. Hamid Gharavi, co-founding Partner of the Paris based arbitration firm Derains & Gharavi, is a member of the Paris & New York Bars.

A French-Iranian national, Dr. Gharavi acted as counsel in over 100 and as arbitrator in over 50 ad hoc and institutional commercial arbitrations as well as under bilateral and multilateral investment treaties.

This includes representation in investment landmark cases such as the first award ever of moral damages in favor of an investor under a BIT (DLP v. Yemen, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/17), an award in favor of an investor finding public tender results to be in violation of a BIT (Joseph Charles Lemire v. Ukraine, ICSID Case No. ARB/06/18), an award in favor of a Turkish State-controlled company for expropriation of its shares by the host State’s judiciary for the benefit of a third private party (Rumeli/Telsim v. Kazakhstan, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/16), an award in favor of the Republic of Albania dismissing for the first time ever a case based on a fork-in-the-road provision of a BIT (Pantechniki S.A. Contractors & Engineers v. Republic of Albania, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/21) another award in favor of the Republic of Albania dismissing the claim for lack of jurisdiction ratione materiae and personae (Burimi S.r.l. & Eagle Games Sh.a. v. Republic of Albania, ICSID Case No. ARB/11/18), an award in favor of a French investor ordering for the first time specific performance (Mr. Franck Charles Arif v. Republic of Moldova, ICSID Case No. ARB/11/23), and an award in favor of the Republic of Turkey dismissing the largest ICSID claim ever (19 billion USD) (Saba Fakes v. Republic of Turkey, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/20).

He is a former Court Member of the LCIA and an appointee of the Kingdom of Cambodia to the ICSID Panel of Arbitrators.

Dr. Gharavi is the author of a number of publications on arbitration and of the book “The International Effectiveness of the Annulment of an Award” published by Kluwer.

Carsten Hefeker is professor of economic policy at the University of Siegen (Germany) where he has taught since 2004. He also teaches at the University of Basel in Switzerland and is a research fellow of CESifo in Munich and of HWWI in Hamburg. Before coming to Siegen, he served as head of department at the Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWA), as assistant professor of economics at the University of Basel, and as a research fellow at the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) in Brussels, Belgium. He holds a doctorate from Konstanz University. His main research areas are international economics and political economy and institutional economics.

Dr. Kurt Hübner received his PhD in Economics and Political Science from the Free University Berlin, Germany. He is a professor at the Political Science Department at the University of British Columbia and holds the Jean Monnet Chair for European Integration and Global Political Economy. Currently he acts as the director of the Institute for European Studies. He has published 12 books and numerous articles in journals. His most recent books are ‘Europe, Canada, and the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement’ (Routledge 2011) and ‘Global Currency Competition and Cooperation’ (publication date: Routledge 2015).

Hübner’s expertise is in the area of European integration in the context of the global political economy. His main focus is on the Euro, and the role of the Euro in global currency relations as well as the economic mode of governance. A further area of expertise is the relation between international competitiveness, innovation and sustainability where he headed several projects in the past. His most recent project in this are deals with ‘National Pathways to Low Carbon Emission Economies’. Over the last years he also contributed to the analysis and assessment of CETA and TTIP.

A former Premier of Québec, Pierre Marc Johnson, lawyer and physician, is of counsel to the Law firm Lavery de Billy in Montreal. He served among others as Minister of labour and Manpower, Minister of Health, Minister of Justice and Attorney General; he is recognized for

his expertise in international trade negotiations and international partnerships as well as environmental and health law.

He was chief advisor and chief negotiator for the Government of Québec in the softwood lumber dispute between Canada and the United States, between 2002 and 2009 and has served on numerous government-appointed international and domestic task forces, groups and commissions.

He was a Senior Advisor to the Canadian Minister of the Environment at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali in 2007; he has advised ministers and Premiers in successive governments of Québec since 2002 on issues of international Trade. He is presently Chief Negotiator for the Government of Québec in the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between Canada and the European Union.

Mr. Johnson has been lead counsel and strategic adviser to international partnerships and foreign investments with respect to health, new information technologies, entertainment, real estate and financial products. He has extensive experience in international negotiations with the United Nations on environmental and development issues. He advised the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) on the NAFTA parallel agreements and, in 2004, chaired the Ten-year Review and Assessment Committee overseeing the application of the agreement for its ministerial council. In 2003, he chaired a similar effort at the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). Author of books and articles on sustainable and Trade, globalization and its non trade agenda, international governance and the Environment, he is regularly invited, here and overseas, to counsel governments and institutions, and to speak on the workings and effects of globalization.

He has sat as a director of more than 20 corporate boards over the years, including ACE Aviation, Air Canada and Holcim Canada, SNC-Lavalin, The Dow Chemical Environment Advisory Committee, Vincor International, ORTHOsoft, Celmed, Medicago and UniMedia. He currently chairs the Foresight Committee of the Institut Veolia Environnement in Paris of which he is also a member of the board and is presently a member of the Board of directors of Black Rock Metals, Muse Entertainment, Therilllia corporation (an affiliate of Sanderling funds).

Mr. Johnson has an honorary doctorate from Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, France. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and a Grand Officier de l’Ordre National du Québec and Grand Croix de l’Ordre de la Pléiade.

Until he retired from Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy, Mark Kantor was a partner in the Corporate and Project Finance Groups of the Firm. He currently serves as an arbitrator and mediator. He teaches as an Adjunct Professor at the Georgetown University Law Center (Recipient, Fahy Award for Outstanding Adjunct Professor). Additionally, Mr. Kantor is Editor-in-Chief of the online journal Transnational Dispute Management.

Mr. Kantor is a member of the Board of Directors of the American Arbitration Association, Chair of the DC Bar International Investment Committee and former Chair and Vice Chair of the DC Bar International Dispute Resolution Committee, and a Chartered Arbitrator of The Chartered Institute of Arbitrators. He is honored in Who’s Who in America; Who’s Who in the World; Who’s Who in American Law; International Who’s Who, Commercial Arbitration; Chambers USA, International Arbitrators; Best Lawyers in America (International Arbitration; Washington, D.C.); Superlawyers; Best Lawyers 2013 Washington DC International Arbitration - Governmental "Lawyer of the Year." Recipient, Arbitral Women Honorable Man Award (2011).

Mr. Kantor is also a member of the Editorial Board of Global Arbitration Review, the Board of Editors of the Journal of World Energy Law and Business, the Board of Editors of the Journal of Damages in International Arbitration, the Editorial Board of the Journal of Technology in International Arbitration and the ADR Advisory Board of the International Law Institute. Among other publications, Mr. Kantor is the author of Valuation for Arbitration: Compensation Standards, Valuation Methods and Expert Evidence (Kluwer 2008), named Best Book of 2008 in the OGEMID Awards, and “A Code of Conduct for Party-Appointed Experts in International Arbitration – Can One be Found?” 26 Arbitration International 323 (2010), named Best International Dispute Resolution Article of 2010 in the OGEMID Awards.

Marc Lalonde was Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Organizing Committee of the ICCA Congress in Montreal in 2006 and, as such, was very instrumental in the success of that event, which had, up to that time, the largest number of participants ever in any ICCA event.

After 22 years as a partner and senior counsel at Stikeman Elliott LLP, Mr. Lalonde is now a sole practitioner acting exclusively as international arbitrator and mediator. He has participated in some 100 cases under the major international arbitration institutions as well in ad hoc cases. Between 1995 and 2005, he served as Ad Hoc Judge of the International Court of Justice in two cases. He also served as Special Envoy in the Canada-Brazil regional aircraft dispute (1998).

Marc Lalonde is a member of the Quebec and Ontario Bars and sits on a number of committees of international arbitral institutions. He is also member of the Arbitration Panel under Chapter 20 of NAFTA and mediator for the Court of Arbitration for Sport. He is a Certified Arbitrator of the Canadian Institute of Arbitration and Mediation.

Between 1972-1984, he held several senior portfolios in the Canadian Cabinet, including Health and Welfare, Energy, Justice and Finance.

Nikos is a highly experienced negotiator and policy advisor on Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and expert in European law and public international law. He provides a full range of necessary legal expertise to the company‘s clients. Nikos Lavranos has an outstanding track record in the field of investment protection. Until August 2014 he was the Senior Trade Policy Advisor responsible for Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and investment issues in the Dutch Foreign Ministry and previously the Ministry of Economic Affairs. In this capacity he was the Chief Negotiator for the Netherlands and Representative of the Netherlands in the Trade Policy Committee (TPC) of the EU and in the Investment Committee (IC) of the OECD. Recently, Nikos has also been appointed Secretary-General of the European Federation for Investment Law

and Arbitration (EFILA) established in Brussels. Over the past years he has advised many investors on investment law and arbitration issues.

Patrick Leblond is Visiting Fellow at European University Institute (2014-2015) and Associate Professor in the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Ottawa as well as Research Associate at CIRANO (Montreal). He is also Affiliated Professor of International Business at HEC Montreal and Visiting Professor at the University of Barcelona (IELPO LL.M. program) and the World Trade Institute in Bern, Switzerland. He is a member of Statistics Canada’s International Trade Advisory Committee and an advisor to the Canada-Europe Roundtable for Business. Dr. Leblond has published extensively on financial and monetary integration, banking regulation, international trade and business-government relations, with a particular focus on Europe and North America. Prior to moving to Ottawa, he taught international business at HEC Montreal and worked in accounting and auditing (he holds the title of Chartered Accountant) as well as in corporate finance and strategy consulting for major international accounting and consulting firms.

Damien Levie heads the Trade and Agriculture Section of the European Union Delegation in Washington, DC.

Before coming to Washington, he was a member of the Cabinet (personal office) of EU Trade Commissioner Karel De Gucht from 2009 to 2012. He subsequently headed the USA and Canada team of the Directorate General for Trade at the European Commission. During that period, he contributed to the pursuit of an ambitious EU trade policy agenda with the Americas, in particular the launch of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) negotiations between the U.S. and the EU, for which he was deputy chief negotiator.

Damien joined the European Commission in 2001, working on issues including merger control policy and REACH, the EU's basic chemical regulation. From 2005 to 2009, he served in the Cabinet of Louis Michel, EU Commissioner for Development and Humanitarian Aid. During that period, he worked on economic development policy in Africa as well as European economic integration issues. He also participated in the works of the UN Commission for the Legal Empowerment of the Poor co-chaired by former US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright and Hernando de Soto.

Damien Levie has law degrees from KU Leuven and the University of Chicago Law School and an economics degree from UC Louvain. He was a lawyer at a major US law firm in Brussels and New York from 1994 to 2001.

Howard Mann is the Senior International Law Advisor at IISD, where he specializes in international law relating to investment and sustainable development. From 1999-2009, Howard initiated and managed IISD’s Investment and Sustainable Development program. During and since this period, he has worked with colleagues in advising government officials from over 80 developing countries and multiple regional organizations on international investment law issues, investment treaty negotiations, investment contract negotiations, and the development of sound domestic investment laws and policies from a sustainable development perspective. Howard has provided legal advice related to the development of the UN Principles on Business and Human Rights, and served on advisory committee, to, inter alia, the Government of Canada, the International Commission of Jurists, and the International Bar Association. Howard received his law degree from McGill University, and his LL.M. and Ph.D. from the London School of Economics.

Frédéric Mérand is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Montreal, Visiting Professor of European Studies at LUISS University in Rome, Director of the Centre for International Studies and Research at the University of Montreal, and Director of the Montreal European Union Centre of Excellence. He is associate editor of Politique européenne, the only peer-reviewed journal in French devoted to the European Union. His work on European security, policy networks, transatlantic relations and the sociology of the European Union can be found in journals such as Security Studies, the Journal of Common Market Studies, Comparative European Politics, and Cooperation and Conflict.

Armand de Mestral, Emeritus Professor, McGill University, Jean Monnet Chair in Law; Co-Director McGill - Université de Montréal, Institute of European Studies 2002- 8; Interim Director, Institute of Air and Space Law McGill University, 1998-2002; Recent publications : International Law 7^th Ed, 2006 ( co-author), Law and Practice of International Trade (2^nd edition; 1999) ; The North American Free Trade Agreement – A Comparative Study, Hague Academy of International Law , Receuil des cours (2000) Panelist and arbitrator in disputes under WTO, CUFTA and NAFTA. Member of the Canadian Delegation to the UN Law of the Sea Conference 1973 -80. Consultant to NACEC and Law Commission of Canada. President,

Canadian Red Cross Society 1999-2001. Appointed Member of the Order of Canada December 28, 2007.

Alexis Mourre practices law at Castaldi Mourre & Partners, a 35 lawyer firm he founded in 1996. He specializes in International Arbitration and International Litigation. He has served as counsel to party, President of the Tribunal, Co-Arbitrator, Sole Arbitrator, or Expert in more than 180 international arbitral procedures, both ad hoc and before most international arbitral institutions (ICC, ICSID, LCIA, ICDR, SIAC, SCC, DIAC, VIAC, etc.).

Alexis is the author of numerous books and publications in the field of International Business Law, Private International Law, and Arbitration Law. He is founder and past editor in chief of Les Cahiers de l’Arbitrage – The Paris Journal of International Arbitration, a leading French publication in the field of Arbitration.

Alexis is Vice President of the ICC International Court of Arbitration, Vice President of the ICC Institute of World Business Law and past co-chair of the IBA Arbitration Committee (2012-2013). He is also an LCIA Court member and a past Council member of the Milan International Chamber of Arbitration, as well as of a large number of scientific and professional institutions dedicated to Arbitration and Private International Law.

He is professor honoris causae at the University San Ignacio of Lima (Peru) and Lecturer at the Universities of Versailles and Sceaux. He participates as speaker or moderator in numerous conferences and seminars on international commercial arbitration. He is fluent in French, English, Italian and Spanish, and has a working knowledge of Portuguese.

Sophie is a dual-qualified lawyer in Canada and in the UK. She is an arbitrator in independent practice, based in Gray’s Inn, London, specialising in international disputes, notably in energy, infrastructure, natural resources and cross-border investment. Before becoming a full-time arbitrator, she was Head of International Arbitration at a global law firm.

Sophie is trained and has practised in both civil law and common law jurisdictions. She is the peer-nominated Moderator of OGEMID, the online discussion forum on current issues of international investment law, economic law and arbitration. She is ranked in Global Arbitration

Review's Top 30 List of Female Arbitrators Worldwide and is listed in the International Who's Who of Commercial Arbitration.

Sophie is the author of a Commentary on the 2010 UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules: A Practitioner’s Guide (Juris, 2012). She is a regular speaker at conferences and seminars on issues of international arbitration, international investment law and dispute resolution. She is a guest lecturer at Columbia Law School, Harvard Law School and McGill University Faculty of Law. She has created the Nappert Prize in International Arbitration, open to young scholars and practitioners worldwide, and administered under the auspices of McGill University.

Andrew Newcombe is Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, where he teaches international arbitration, international investment law, international trade law and commercial law. Prior to joining the University of Victoria in 2002, he worked in the International Arbitration and Public International Law groups of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer in Paris. Professor Newcombe’s research focuses on investment treaty law and arbitration. He is the co-author of Law and Practice of Investment Treaties: Standards of Treatment (Kluwer, 2009) and co-editor of Sustainable Development in World Investment Law (Kluwer, 2011). He created and operates italaw, a research website focused on investment treaty arbitration. Professor Newcombe is Associate Editor for the ICSID Review—Foreign Investment Law Journal, a contributing editor of the Investor-State Law Guide, Canadian treaty

editor for Investment Claims, and a regular contributor to the KluwerArbitrationBlog. In addition to his academic work, Professor Newcombe advises governments, investors and non-state actors and acts as counsel and arbitrator in international arbitrations.

Jonathan Nuss practices corporate and commercial law at Dentons Canada LLP’s Montreal office. He works in the areas of real estate, corporate governance and cross-border transactions, as well as on matters pertaining to charities and non- for-profit organizations.

Jonathan has represented financial institutions in the context of real estate financings as well as Canadian corporations in the context of their overseas operations. Jonathan has also advised charities and not-for-profit organizations on corporate governance and commercial matters, particularly with respect to the Canada Not-for-profit Corporations Act.

Prior to his career in law, Jonathan worked in public diplomacy at the Atlantic Treaty Association in Copenhagen and in Brussels. He also worked as an intern at the Canadian Consulate General in Atlanta.

Martha O’Brien is a professor of law at the Faculty of Law, University of Victoria, Canada. She holds an LL.M. in Law of the European Union from the Université libre de Bruxelles (1992). She practiced Canadian and international tax law in Vancouver with leading Canadian national firms from 1992 to 2000. She has published widely on taxation and EU law subjects in Canadian and European books and journals including: “Direct taxation, tax treaties and international investment agreements: Mixed objectives, mixed results”, (with Kim Brooks, Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University) in de Mestral and Levesque (eds.) Improving International Investment Agreements: Negotiations, Substantive Obligations and Dispute Resolution, Routledge, New York, 2012. National Report for Canada, in Lang, Pistone, Schuch and Staring (eds.) The Impact of the OECD and the UN Model Conventions on Bilateral Tax Treaties, Cambridge University Press, 2012 (with Catherine Brown, Faculty of Law, University of Calgary).

Hervé Prince is a Professor of International Economic Law at the Faculté de droit de l’Université de Montréal. He holds a doctorate in law from the Université Laval and a doctorate in public law from the Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV in France. Professor Prince also holds a postgraduate degree in International economic law (Paris V) and a specialized postgraduate degree in International Affairs from the École des Hautes Études Internationales de Paris. Regular researcher at the Centre de droit des affaires et du commerce international (CDACI), Professor Prince serves as Director of International Economic Relations and the Law’s Research Group. He is also an associated researcher at the Université Laval’s Centre de droit économique (CÉDÉ) and the Centre d’excellence sur l’Union européenne (Université de Montreal and McGill University). His expertise and interests span the broad area of the law of international trade and economic relations, regional integration, international investment law and international public law. His latest work focuses on the European trade law and the legal aspects of the Canadian Trade bilateralism.

August Reinisch has been a professor of international and European law at the University of Vienna since 1998. He currently serves as Head of the Section of International Law and International Relations and as Director of the LL.M. Program in International Legal Studies. From 2004 to 2006 and as of 2010 he was/is Dean for International Relations of the Law School of the University of Vienna.

His professional experience includes arbitrator and expert adviser in Austrian and foreign court litigation as well as in international, mostly investment arbitration. He has served as arbitrator in investment cases mostly under ICSID and UNCITRAL Rules, and frequently provided expert opinions in the field. He is a Member of the ICSID Panels of Conciliators and of Arbitrators. Since 2001, he has been serving pro bono as arbitrator on the In Rem Restitution Panel according to the Austrian General Settlement Fund Law.

August Reinisch is president of the Austrian Branch of the ILA, Executive Board member of the European Society of International Law and of the German Society of International Law.

He has published widely in international law with a recent focus on international investment law, the law of international organizations, international responsibility, human rights and non-state actors.

August Reinisch holds Master’s degrees in philosophy (1990) and in law (1988) as well as a doctorate in law (1991) from the University of Vienna and an LL.M. (1989) from NYU Law School. He is admitted to the Bars of New York and of Connecticut (since 1990). In 1994, he obtained the Diploma of the Hague Academy of International Law.

George Ross was educated at Williams College, Sciences-Po Paris, the London School of Economics, and Harvard Univeristy, where he earned a Ph D in political sociology. He is Hillquit Professor emeritus at Brandeis University, Faculty Associate at the Minda de Guanzburg Center for European Studies at Harvard, and presently ad personam Chaire Jean Monnet at the University of Montreal-McGill Center for Excellence on the European Union. He has served as chair of the European Union Studies Association (2003-2005), acting director of the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies at Harvard University, executive director of the European Union Center at Harvard University, chair of the Council for European Studies (1990-1997), and director of the Center for German and European Studies at Brandeis (1998-2008), and as editor of several Professional journals. He is also an officer of the French Ordre des Palmes Academiques. Among his recent books are The European Union and its Crises seen through the Eyes of the Brussels Elite (2011); What’s Left of the Left? Center-Lefts in a Globalizing World,edited with James Cronin et James Shoch (2011); Euros and Europeans: Monetary Integration and the European Model of Society, with Andrew Martin (2004), and Jacques Delors and European Integration (1994).

Oliver Schmidtke is a Professor in the Departments of Political Science and History at the University of Victoria where he also holds the Jean Monnet Chair in European History and Politics. He currently serves as the director of the Centre for Global Studies in Victoria. He received his PhD from the European University Institute in Florence and has been a JF Kennedy Fellow at Harvard University, a visiting scholar at Humboldt University Berlin, a F. Braudel Senior Fellow at the European University Institute, and a Marie Curie Fellow at Hamburg University. His research interests are in the fields of the political sociology and politics of migration, citizenship, nationalism, and the governance of migration and integration in Europe and Canada.

Daniel Schwanen is an award-winning economist with a passion for international economic policy. He is spearheading Institute programs focused on the link between Canada’s international trade and investment policy and Canadians’ standards of living.

Having earned degrees in economics from the Université de Montréal and Queen’s University, Daniel began his career in the financial services industry, becoming International Economist at the CIBC in 1986. He first joined the C.D. Howe Institute in 1990, producing widely-cited research on international trade, Canada’s economic union, climate change policy, and the economics of cultural policy. His work in the 1990s earned him foreign visitorships in the United States, Japan and Australia.

After joining the Institute for Research on Public Policy in 2001, Daniel earned the Policy Research Initiative’s Outstanding Research Contribution Award for his paper “A Room of Our Own: Cultural Policies and Trade Agreements,” and produced, with co-editors Thomas Courchene and Donald Savoie, a major series of papers on North America after NAFTA. In 2007, he co-wrote the independent review of Australia’s Progress to Achieve APEC Goals, presenting the report at APEC’s Senior Officials meeting as part of APEC’s peer review process.

Daniel joined the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) in Waterloo, Ontario in 2005, serving in a number of senior research and executive positions. Most recently, his work there focused on the G20 and international economic policy coordination.

Daniel returned to the C.D. Howe Institute in March, 2011 as Associate Vice President, Trade and International Policy. He was promoted to Assistant Vice President, Research in January 2013, and currently holds the position of Vice President, Research, as of June 2014.

Stephen M. Schwebel was a member of the UN International Law Commission 1977-80. He served as a judge of the International Court of Justice 1981-2000 and as president of the Court 1997-2000. He is an active international arbitrator in cases between States, between foreign investors and States, and in international commercial arbitration.

Debra Steger is Professor and Chair of the International Law Group at the University of Ottawa, Faculty of Law. She teaches and carries out research in the fields of international trade, investment and international dispute settlement/arbitration.

Professor Steger was the first Director of the Appellate Body Secretariat of the World Trade Organization. During the Uruguay Round, she was the Senior Negotiator on Dispute Settlement and the Establishment of the World Trade Organization as well as the principal legal counsel for the Government of Canada. She has served as General Counsel of the Canadian International Trade Tribunal, and practiced international trade, investment and competition law with major law firms in Canada.

She has been appointed to dispute settlement rosters, has chaired a WTO dispute settlement panel, has acted as counsel to governments in several WTO disputes, and has provided technical assistance and training to developing country Members of the WTO. She serves on several editorial, academic, and other advisory committees.

She has an LL.M. from the University of Michigan, an LL.B. from the University of Victoria, and an honours B.A. from the University of British Columbia. She has published 11 books and 125 articles, book chapters and reports on international trade, investment and dispute settlement/arbitration. Her edited five-volume collection, The World Trade Organization: Critical Perspectives on the World Economy, of selected “great works” on the WTO was published by Routledge in June 2014.

Ms. Tabet has obtained her law degree from the University of Montréal in 1993 and is a member of the Québec Bar since 1994. After working with Stikeman Elliott LLP in Montréal, she joined the Privy Council Office, Intergovernmental Affairs, and then the Foreign Service. She occupied various positions at the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development and is now with the Department of Justice. She is currently General Counsel and Director of the Trade Law Bureau where she has been providing trade law advice and negotiating international trade and investment agreements (most recently the Bilateral Investment Treaty with China and the Canada-EU Trade Agreement where Sylvie was lead counsel for the Government of Canada) as well as litigating WTO and NAFTA Chapter 11 cases on behalf of the Government of Canada.

Martin Valasek is a leading practitioner in the area of international arbitration, with extensive experience in both investor-state and commercial contract disputes. He is chair of the international arbitration team at Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP. He regularly acts as counsel, and also sits as arbitrator. His experience covers a wide range of legal systems and

industries, including aerospace, banking, construction, mining, energy and pharmaceuticals. He has handled matters under all of the leading institutional and ad hoc rules, including notably the ICC, LCIA, ICSID and UNCITRAL Rules. He also has extensive experience with investment disputes under BITs, NAFTA and the Energy Charter Treaty.

In 2011, Mr Valasek was named to Global Arbitration Review's "45 under 45" list of leading practitioners in the field of international arbitration under the age of 45. In 2007, he was named one of Lexpert®'s "Top 40 Lawyers Under 40" for Canada. Martin holds degrees in both civil law and common law from McGill University, where he was the Editor-in-Chief of the McGill Law Journal / Revue de droit de McGill, and an undergraduate degree from Harvard College. In Canada, he is qualified in both Ontario and Québec. He started his career in New York City, and remains an active member in good standing of the New York State Bar. He served as a law clerk to Mr Justice Gonthier of the Supreme Court of Canada in 1998-1999.

Martin is a frequent speaker, lecturer and contributor to various publications in the field of arbitration. His recent publications include "Making Sense of Dissents: The Jurisprudence Inconstante of the MFN Clause" (ICSID Review – Foreign Investment Law Journal) and "Distinguishing Expert Determination from Arbitration: The Canadian Approach in a Comparative Perspective" (Arbitration International). He has guest-lectured on various arbitration topics at McGill University, Concordia University and Université de Montréal.

Martin is a member of ICC Canada and of the LCIA. From 2007-2010, he was President of the Young Canadian Arbitration Practitioners (YCAP), and remains on its Advisory Board. He is an active member of his community, and sits on several non-profit boards, including (from 2011-2013) as President of the Board of the world-class Montreal Bach Festival.

He is fluent in English, French and Czech, and has a working knowledge of Spanish.

Kim Van der Borght is Professor of International Economic Law at the Centre for Economic Law & Governance (Vrije Universiteit Brussel). He is Reader in Law at Westminster University (England).

In early 2009, Mr. Verheul was appointed Chief Trade Negotiator Canada-European Union, Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada. Prior to that appointment, he worked in international trade policy at Agriculture and Agri- Food Canada from 1989 to 2009, where he worked on the NAFTA negotiations, the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations that led to the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the Doha Round of WTO negotiations. He was Canada’s Chief

Agriculture Negotiator from 2003 to 2009, responsible for leading Canada’s involvement in international trade negotiations on agriculture, including the WTO. Mr. Verheul graduated from the University of Western Ontario in 1984, after obtaining a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Master of Arts degree in Political Science.

Crina Viju is an Assistant Professor at the Institute for European, Russian and Eurasian Studies at Carleton University. She is also the academic coordinator of the Centre for European Studies at Carleton University and the coordinator of the Research Node on ‘The Political Economy of European Integration’ at Carleton University’s Center for European Studies. Her research interests include the economic effects of different trade policies applied within the EU, US and Canada, European economic integration and EU enlargement.

Some of her latest publications are “Geographical Indications, Conflicted Preferential Agreements and Market Access” in Journal of International Economic Law (with Yeung M. and Kerr, W.), “Zero Tolerance and the Rules of Trade: Lessons from the Discovery of Genetically Modified Flax in the European Union” in World Economy Journal (with Yeung M. and Kerr W. A.), “The Trade Implications of the Post-Moratorium European Union Approval System for Genetically Modified Organisms” in Journal of World Trade (Yeung M. and Kerr W.A.), “Agriculture in the Canada-EU Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA)” in International Journal (with Kerr W.A.) and Economic Crisis in Europe: What It Means for the EU and Russia, Palgrave MacMillan (edited book with DeBardeleben, J.).

Thierry Warin is Associate Professor of International Business at HEC Montréal and Vice-President Strategy and International Economics at Cirano (Canada). He is also Researcher at CERIUM-CEUE (University of Montreal) and Academic Director at SIE-Sun Yat Sen University in Guangzhou. He was Associate Professor at Polytechnique Montreal (Director of the International Projects Program) and Associate Professor at Middlebury College (Director of the International Studies and IPE program). As VP at Cirano, he organizes, co-organizes, or supports bi-weekly luncheons, seminars and one or more international conferences or workshops every year (i.e. Too Big To Fail Conference, International Trade and Finance Annual Conference, Networks in Trade and Finance Annual Conference, Myths and Realities about the BRICS). He has authored numerous academic publications and books or special issues.

An alumnus of the Salzburg Global Seminar, he held positions in several academic institutions (Middlebury College USA, Polytechnique Montreal, Sun Yat Sen University Guangzhou, Essec Business School Paris, HEC Paris, La Sorbonne, UIBE Beijing). His research is mainly on international economics and finance topics, with a particular focus on the European economic integration. An alumnus of the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies at Harvard University, he also completed his PhD in monetary economics and finance at Essec Business School in Paris.

Andreas R. Ziegler studied economics, international relations and law at the Universities of St. Gallen (BA, MA, BLaw, MLaw), Madrid (Escuela Diplomatica), Paris (SciencesPo), Florence (LL.M, European University Institute), Oxford and London (SOAS). After obtaining his doctorate in St. Gallen in 1995, he undertook post-doctoral research at Georgetown University Law Center (Washington DC, USA) and the Max-Planck-Institute in Heidelberg (Germany). He was a civil servant working for several Swiss Ministries in Berne as well as the EFTA Secretariat in Geneva and the European Commission in Brussels before being appointed full professor of law at the University of Lausanne in 2003. He currently is the Director of its LLM Program in International and European Economic and Commercial Law. He holds a conjoint professorship at the Law School of the University of New South Wales (Sydney, Australia) as well as permanent visiting appointments at the Universities of Saarbrucken, St. Gallen and ETH Zürich. He has been invited to teach at many universities around the world, including in Lund, Paris, Rome, Chicago-Kent, Stetson College of Law, UTS Sydney, Berlin, and Pittsburgh. He has published widely on European law, public international law, on international courts and tribunals, trade and investment. He has represented clients in arbitral proceedings (UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules), before the Swiss Federal Supreme Court and the European Court of Human Rights and is counsel with a law firm specialized in economic and business law (Blum & Grob Attorneys-at-law, Zurich). He is on the permanent roster of panelists of the WTO (appointed by Liechtenstein) and ICSID (appointed by Switzerland).